MOTS-c

Overview

MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial genome — specifically the 12S ribosomal RNA gene — representing a class of compounds called mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs). Its sequence (MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR) places it in a unique category as a biologically active peptide expressed directly from mitochondrial DNA, not nuclear DNA.

MOTS-c translocates to the nucleus in response to metabolic stress, where it regulates gene expression programs governing glucose metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, and the cellular stress response. It has been described as an endogenous exercise mimetic due to its ability to replicate certain metabolic adaptations associated with physical exercise at the molecular level.

Research Highlights

Preclinical studies have demonstrated MOTS-c's ability to enhance insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle independent of insulin signaling, reduce diet-induced obesity in rodent models, and improve mitochondrial function and biogenesis under metabolic stress conditions. Research has documented its activation of the AMPK pathway — a master regulator of cellular energy homeostasis — as a central mechanism underlying its metabolic effects.

Additional research areas include MOTS-c's role in longevity-associated pathways, its modulation of the cellular stress response via FOXO and Nrf2 transcription factors, and its potential relevance to age-related metabolic decline. The peptide's mitochondrial origin and its role as an inter-organelle signaling molecule make it a foundational research subject in the emerging field of mitochondrial communication and mitohormesis.

For research use only. Not intended for human consumption.

Specifications

Certificate of Analysis

Each batch is independently tested by a third-party laboratory. A Certificate of Analysis (COA) confirming purity and identity is available upon request. Contact us with your order number to receive the COA for your specific lot.